Is dementia more common in men or women? FAQs

Who has the highest rate of dementia?

Women over the age of 65 have the highest rates of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Nearly two-thirds of Americans living with Alzheimer’s are women. While part of this is due to women living longer than men, research suggests that other factors—such as hormones, stress, and genetics—may also contribute to this higher risk. 

Scientists are continuing to study why women seem to be more vulnerable, and understanding these differences could help lead to better prevention and treatment strategies in the future.

How does dementia affect women differently than men?

Dementia doesn’t just affect more women, but it can also affect them differently. Some studies suggest that women decline more rapidly once the disease begins, experiencing faster memory loss and cognitive decline compared to men. 

Women are also more likely to struggle with language-related symptoms, such as difficulty finding words or following conversations, whereas men with dementia often show more behavioral changes, such as aggression. 

Additionally, because women are more likely to be caregivers for others, they may be slower to recognize their own symptoms or seek help, putting them at a disadvantage when it comes to early diagnosis and intervention.

Is there a link between women’s stress levels and Alzheimer’s?

Yes, research suggests that chronic stress may play a significant role in Alzheimer’s risk, particularly for women. Stress triggers the release of cortisol, a hormone that, in high levels over long periods, can damage the brain’s memory centers. 

Some studies have found that middle-aged women who report higher stress levels are more likely to develop dementia later in life. This could be due to a combination of biological differences, lifestyle factors, and the fact that women often carry the mental load of caregiving and household management, which can lead to chronic stress. 

The good news is that managing stress through mindfulness, exercise, and relaxation techniques (like these 12) may help protect brain health.

What role do hormones play in dementia risk?

Estrogen plays a protective role in brain health, helping to support memory, reduce inflammation, and promote communication between brain cells. During menopause, estrogen levels drop significantly, which may increase the risk of dementia. 

Some studies suggest that women who experience early menopause or have their ovaries removed before the natural age of menopause may have a higher risk of cognitive decline. There’s ongoing research into whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help reduce this risk, but the timing and individual factors matter. 

If you’re concerned about how hormonal changes may be affecting your brain health, talking to a doctor can help you explore options.

What can women do to protect their brain health?

While we can’t control every risk factor, there are many ways to actively support brain health. Regular physical activity, a brain-healthy diet (such as the Mediterranean diet), quality sleep, and stress management all play a crucial role in keeping the mind sharp. 

Staying socially engaged, challenging the brain with learning and problem-solving activities, and prioritizing mental wellbeing are also important. For women, paying attention to hormonal health—especially during menopause—can be another key piece of the puzzle. 

The most important thing is consistency. The small, daily habits can add up to long-term protection.